During the HErZ 2024 Summer School, participants will work in groups of 2–4 people on a distinct research project. The exact research questions are not defined yet and will be finalized in the preparatory seminars. Below, a list of possible research projects.
Group Fluxes: Eddy Covariance Measurements
While quantification of carbon fluxes at global scale is important (e.g. mitigation strategies), most carbon flux measurements are only available at specific sites. Different types of measurement approaches to determine the carbon dioxide (CO2) and water vapor (H2O) fluxes exist. In this project we will derive and compare the fluxes from two in-situ approaches: The eddy covariance method and the flux-gradient method. For this, this group will work with data from an eddy covariance set up on the measurements tower in Jülich as well as concentration profiles from the UAS.
Group Aerosol: How much “dirt” is in the atmosphere?
Aerosol observations are often confined to near-surface, are however necessary ingredients for cloud formation. New drone technology makes it possible to sense the mass concentration of aerosols within the atmospheric boundary layer, where most of live. You will take these observations and compare them to fixed observations at 120m above the surface (meteorological tower). Are drone observations reliable? How does the aerosol concentration change above this height (up to 2km) during the course of the day? Can you relate this to the mixing within the boundary layer? Or rather to the synoptic forcing?
This group will work with UAS particle measurement data, LIDAR and Ceilometer data.
Group UAS: Profiling with Uncrewed Aircraft Systems
One of the goals of HErZ HIRES-APP is to assess the suitability of UAS (Uncrewed Aircraft Systems) / multicopters for operational vertical profiling of the atmosphere. This group will perform regular UAS flights and compare the UAS-derived wind vector as well as measured temperature, humidity and particles to tower and LIDAR, HATPRO and other profiling devices.
If you already have a drone pilot permit, you are a great fit for this group! In the preparatory seminars, we will prepare data analysis pipelines for the campaign (in Python) and plan the UAS operations.
Literature: Bramati et. al (2024), Wildmann et. al (2020)
Group Cloud Remote Sensing: How much water is in the cloud?
Identify cumulus clouds over the Research Center and document them with your camera. Find them in ceilometer, cloud radar and microwave radiometer observation data. Coimbine with below-cloud wind observations from Doppler lidar to estimate their dimension. Finally: calculate the amount of water in the cloud (tons!?) “floating” above you. Can you characterize cloud development over the time of day?
Group Precipitation: How variable is local rainfall?
Using disdrometer (drop size) measurements of precipitation on a 120m tower and on the ground the vertical distribution of precipitation will be measured and analyzed. What is influencing the drop size distributions? How does the horizontal difference look? Do radars radars tells the same story?
Group Water Vapor: What about the invisible water in the atmosphere?
Water vapor is an important component of the hydrological cycle: no water vapor means no clouds means no rain. But how can we measure how much is in the atmosphere? Use novel sensor technology (lidar, microwave radiometer, drones, radiosonde) to find out how much water vapor is where and how it varies during the course of the day. Which instrument shows the best performance?
Group Synoptics: Radiosondes and Synoptic Overview
Can the drones fly tomorrow? Are you into weather forecasting and launching radiosondes? Weather forecasting, recording and documentaion is an essential part of any meteorological measurement campaign. You will prepare daily weather forecasts and present these during the campaign briefing. In addition, regular radiosonde ascents need to be organized and carried out corresponding to the campaign needs. You will be responsible for a short documentation of day to day weather situation, which is essential for the further analysis of the campaign data.
This group is tasked with the meterological overview during the campaign:
- Regular radiosonde launches, comparing radiosonde data to other measured profiles
- deploy cloud cameras across JOYCE
- daily weather briefing for all
Group Model Evaluation: How well does ICON predict vertical profiles over JOYCE during VITAL?
Does the model have a clue of what’s going on over Jülich? Over the ABC/J (Aachen-Bonn-Cologne-Jülich) area we run a numerical weather prediction model with very high grid spacing (~100m) that considers turbulence, cloud formation, topography and surface interaction in a more sophisticated way than the model of the German Weather Service. Compared to the VITAL I observations: Can this model capture the diurnal variability of of temperature, winds, water vapor, clouds and precipitation in an adequate way? How does it compare to the standard DWD model?
Group Satellites: How do satellites compare with ground-based remote sensing?
Temperature and humidity profiles determine the atmospheric stability and development of convection. The distribution of temperature and humidity can be measured from satellite and ground-based remote sensing sensors. What are the strength and limitation of both approaches? Compare atmospheric profiles obtained from MetOp-IASI and ground base remote sensing sensors (MWR, LIDAR) and evaluate them against in-situ radiosonde observations.